𝘚𝘰𝘧𝘵 𝘌𝘹𝘶𝘥𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘴/ 𝘊𝘰𝘵𝘵𝘰𝘯 𝘞𝘰𝘰𝘭 𝘚𝘱𝘰𝘵𝘴 - Nerve fibre layer infarcts - Occur secondary to local ischemia from pre-capillary retinal arteriole obstruction → obstruction of axoplasmic flow in the nerve fibre layer → swelling of nerve fibres → white fluffy appearance → cotton wool spots
𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬: - Vascular Diseases : Diabetic Retinopathy, Hypertensive Retinopathy, Vein occlusions, Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, Papilledema, Radiation Retinopathy - Hematological Disorders: Anemia, Leukemia, Sickle Cells Anemia - Infectious Diseases: HIV Retinopathy, Neuroretinitis - Collagen vascular disorders: Giant Cell Arteritis, Behcet’s, SLE etc 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞: -Small, yellow white/ grayish white elevated lesions with a feathery border with striations parallel to the nerve fibres in the superficial retina -Obscures the underlying blood vessel -Commonly in posterior pole -Can resolve in weeks to months leaving a small depression known as ‘Depression Sign’ -Other findings such as microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates etc to be noted 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲: ‘Cytoid Bodies’ - Looks like cells but are eosinophilic segments of ganglion cell axons that are swollen because of defective axoplasmic flow - Packed with accumulations of mitochondria and other intracellular material 𝐅𝐅𝐀: Hypofluorescence due to capillary non-perfusion in area corresponding to the cotton wool spot as well as blockage by axoplasm stasis 𝐎𝐂𝐓: Hyper-reflective lesion in inner retinal layers 𝐰𝐰𝐰.𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐦𝐨𝐛𝐲𝐭𝐞𝐬.𝐜𝐨𝐦 Image from Rajan Eye Care Hospital #ophthalmology #ophthal #retina #diabeticretinopathy #hypertensiveretinopathy #cottonwoolspots #doctor #health #medical #vision #education #optometry #medicalstudent #optometrist #medicine #eye #ophtho #ophthalmologist #ophthalmo #med #medicaleducation #ophthalmologyresident #ophthalmologyresidency
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